Westernized liberals kept their four seats, and came close to sending the first woman to the parliament of this small, oil-rich U.S. ally. Aseel al-Awadi, a 39-year-old philosophy teacher, came eleventh in her district. The first ten were declared winners.
Elections were held after relations between the Cabinet and parliament broke down and Kuwait's ruler dissolved the legislature in March. The outcome of Saturday's polls, however, doesn't bode well for ending those tensions.
Kuwaitis voted mostly along tribal and sectarian lines, bringing back incumbents who promised them salary increases and vowed to use public money to forgive consumer debt - moves bitterly opposed by the government.
Those lawmakers are likely to continue their squabbles with the government, which plans to reform the country's economy with unpopular measures like introducing an income tax and privatizing services that have been heavily subsidized for decades.
"We're back to square one," said Shamlan al-Issa, a political science teacher at Kuwait University.
Women, who won the right to vote in Kuwait in 2005, accounted for about 55 percent of the more than 361,000 voters. But none of the 27 female candidates Saturday made it to parliament. Women also failed to get elected in 2006.
The government of Sheik Nasser Al Mohammed Al Sabah has appointed two women as Cabinet members since 2005.
Some candidates blamed the recent political gridlock on struggles within the ruling family, while others said it was because political parties are not officially recognized in Kuwait.
"We expected Kuwaiti voters to be more aware," said Najla al-Naqi, a 42-year-old lawyer who ran for a seat. "We had hoped for new young faces, for one woman at least."
Al-Naqi said she was disappointed as well with a new electoral law that slashed the number of voting precincts from 25 to five, aiming to reduce tribal voting and fraud.
"Vote-buying has diminished, but it is not totally gone," she said. "The solution is in Kuwait becoming a single constituency."
