The subsidy is a free insurance that would cover farmers' "shallow crop losses" before their paid insurance kicks in.
It would replace several other subsidy programs.
Critics say it could pay billions of dollars to farmers now enjoying record-high crop prices.
The American Farm Bureau Federation says the beefed-up insurance could encourage farmers to make riskier decisions and drive up the price of land.
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Expect to pay more for pecan pie this holiday season.
Some of the top pecan-growing states are dealing with drought.
A strong demand from China, is also taking about 20 percent of the U.S. crop.
The average price for a pound of pecans is about $11 this year.
They were $9 a pound last year.
