The California Highway Patrol (CHP) says the crash happened north of Clinton Avenue just after 10 pm.
The victim has been identified as 31-year-old Juan Palomares Zuniga of Fresno.
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Alcohol is suspected to have played a role in the crash.
The CHP says Zuniga, for unknown reasons, allowed his vehicle to drift onto the right shoulder of the highway. When it hit the guardrail, it pierced through the vehicle and impaled him.
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The CHP is continuing its investigation into the incident.